PHILOSOPHICAL THEORIES FOR LIFE

Positivism is the state of being confident of something. An example of positivism is a Christian being absolutely certain there is a God. The quality or state of being positive; certainty; assurance. Pragmatism is a way of dealing with problems or situations that focus on practical approaches and solutions that will work in practice, as opposed to being ideal in theory. Constructivism is based on the idea that people actively construct or make their own knowledge, and that reality is determined by your experiences as a learner. Basically, learners use their previous knowledge as a foundation and build on it with new things that they learn.


POSITIVISM

The basic affirmations of positivism are that all knowledge regarding matters of fact is based on the “positive” data of experience and that beyond the realm of fact is that of pure logic and pure mathematics. Those two disciplines were already recognized by the 18th-century Scottish empiricist and skeptic David Hume as concerned merely with the “relations of ideas,” and, in a later phase of positivism, they were classified as purely formal sciences. On the negative and critical side, the positivists became noted for their repudiation of metaphysics of speculation regarding the nature of reality that radically goes beyond any possible evidence that could either support or refute such “transcendent” knowledge claims. In its basic ideological posture, positivism is thus worldly, secular, antitheological, and antimetaphysically

CONSTRUCTIVISM

The constructivist philosophy portrays the idea that learning does not just happen from the traditional method of teachers standing in front of the class and lecturing. However, to the constructivist, learning occurs only when the learner discovers the knowledge through the spirit of experimentation and doing. The brain behind this kind of philosophical approach is best described in Confucius, the renowned Chinese philosopher’s quote: “I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do and I understand.” What is the meaning of his statement? If teachers spoon-feed students with knowledge as a mother does the weaning child, the students will forever be immature, not having the keen ability to make constructive arguments about issues and drawing tentative conclusions of situations. The best option that the constructivist philosophers believe and propose is fully engaging the student in the teaching and learning processes to enable him to discover the knowledge or truth.

PARAGMATISM

Pragmatism is a philosophical movement that includes those who claim that an ideology or proposition is true if it works satisfactorily, that the meaning of a proposition is to be found in the practical consequences of accepting it, and that unpractical ideas are to be rejected. 

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