RACE CULTURE AND ETHNICITY

 

Our feminism is rooted in intersectionality. We recognize that women are not a monolith and experience multiple, overlapping sources of oppression. The struggle for women’s rights is deeply impacted by and connected to the struggles for racial justice, queer justice,  immigration justice, climate justice, and so many more. Gender Justice is indispensable for  development, poverty reduction, and is crucial to  achieving human progress

Gender Justice

For us, the term “gender justice” best signifies our intersectional approach that centers on the diverse needs, experiences, and leadership of people most impacted by discrimination and oppression. This approach helps achieve both equity (equal distribution of resources, access, and opportunities) and equality (equal outcomes for all). Within the context of population and development programs, gender equality is critical because it will enable women and men to make decisions that impact more positively on their own sexual and reproductive health as well as that of their spouses and families.

Conceptualizing gender 

Conceptualization Of Gender, Gender Roles and Stereotypes, Interaction Between Gender And Power, Interaction Between Gender And Other Social Categories. Gender is a dichotomous social category that prescribes behaviors, attitudes, feelings, and other characteristics as being appropriate for a male or a female.


Sexism



Sexism is prejudice or discrimination based on one's sex or gender. Sexism can affect anyone, but it primarily affects women and girls. It has been linked to stereotypes and gender roles and may include the belief that one sex or gender is intrinsically superior to another.  All manifestations of sexism are harmful and harm society. Women are most severely affected, but sexism also affects people of other marginalized genders. Less directly, it also harms men.

Hostile sexism

This refers to beliefs and behaviors that are openly hostile toward a group of people based on their sex or gender. Misogyny, or the hatred of women, is an example of hostile sexism. People who hold views that are hostile and sexist may view women as manipulative, deceitful, capable of using seduction to control men, needing to be kept in their place.

 These views may also apply to anyone with feminine traits and anyone who expresses their gender in a way that is associated with femininity. Hostile sexism is dangerous. According to 2019 research, it is a risk factor for sexual harassment and gender-based violence.

Benevolent sexism

Benevolent sexism includes views and behaviors that frame women as innocent, pure, caring and nurturing, fragile and in need of protection, beautiful. 

A 2020 study involving participants in the United States and the United Kingdom found that people who believed in humanity’s dominance over nature and saw women as more closely connected with nature than men were more likely to exhibit benevolent sexism. In comparison to hostile sexism, benevolent sexism can be less obvious. It is a more socially accepted form and is much more likely to be endorsed by men and women.

Neo sexism

Gender awareness implies the recognition of discrimination against women. Contemporary studies have shown that nowadays some people deny that gender inequality exists. This affirmation is based on covert sexist beliefs, which can go unnoticed, disappearing into the cultural norms. Those who consider themselves supporters of women's rights may maintain non-traditional gender roles and exhibit subtle sexist beliefs. Therefore, neo-sexism is a useful concept in that it permits denial of the existence of discrimination and also upholds the belief that inequality is no longer a problem

Sexism in Relationships

Both hostile and benevolent sexism is considered “sexist” because they help to maintain gender inequality. In fact, despite the romantic tone of benevolent sexism, it can have particularly negative consequences for women. For example, people who agree with benevolent sexism tend to behave in patronizing ways that undermine women’s opportunities for success.

One understudied question involves how sexism is shaped by people’s romantic relationships. In particular, we wondered whether sexist beliefs are related to people’s insecurities about romantic attachment.



References

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2372732217745096

https://wp.nyu.edu/steinhardt-appsych_opus/the-role-of-benevolent-sexism-in-gender-inequality/


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