INRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY

 


INTRODUCTION

When Introducing word philosophy which is a Greek word and it means “Love of Wisdom” In a broad sense, we can define philosophy as “an activity people undertake when they seek to understand fundamental truths for their own problems, such as; about themselves, about the world in which they live, about their cultures and relationships. Philosophy was begun in the 17th and 18th centuries and Plato, Aristotle, Aquinas, Descartes, Loke, Hume, Kant were some philosophers in the past. These philosophers were made some philosophical arguments under several areas such as Philosophy of Law, Philosophy of Religion, Philosophy of Art, Philosophy of Science

“The unexamined life is not worth living” 

– Socrates


Arms of philosophy

Philosophy can be categorized under some categories. Those can be known as “Branches of Philosophy.” Those are;

  • Metaphysics
  • Epistemology
  • Logic
  •  Ethics
  • Aesthetics

Branches of Philosophy


1. Metaphysics 

Metaphysics is a field of philosophy that is generally focused on how reality and the universe began.

“I suppose therefore that all things I see are illusions; I believe that nothing has ever existed of everything my lying memory tells me. I think I have no senses. I believe that body, shape, extension, motion, location are functions. What is there then that can be taken as true? Perhaps only this one thing, that nothing at all is certain.”

― Rene Descartes

An example of metaphysics is a study of God versus the Big Bang theory but same time philosophers say that metaphysics is the study of the ultimate nature of the universe.

  •  ontology
  •  theology
  •  universal science

2. Epistemology 

Epistemology is the philosophical study of the nature, origin, and limits of human knowledge. The term is derived from the Greek episteme (knowledge) and logos(reason), and accordingly, the field is sometimes referred to as the theory of knowledge.

3. Ethics

Ethics are the questioning about “what is good and right.” Ethics are an attempt to answering the questions like,

  • What is good?
  • what makes people or actions good?
  • what is right?
  • And what makes actions right?”

Ethics, also called moral philosophy, the discipline concerned with what is morally good and bad and morally right and wrong. The term is also applied to any system or theory of moral values or principles.


4. Logic

When there was an argument or a question by people, philosophers employ logic to study the nature and the structure of the argument. Philosophy is based on reasoning, and logic is the study of what makes a sound argument, and also of the kind of mistakes we can make in reasoning.

5. Aesthetics

Philosophers believe learning what a certain group or culture finds aesthetically pleasing can help us better understand what they value, how they interact with each other, and make decisions. They are interested in learning more about the relation between aesthetic appreciation and our emotional response.


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